Many declarations have been made about the need for particular business models in the
STM information community. STM publishers have largely remained silent on these
Mmatters as the majority are agnostic about business models: what works, works.
However, despite very significant investment and a massive rise in access to scientific
information, our community continues to be beset by propositions and manifestos on the practice
of scholarly publishing. Unfortunately the measures proposed have largely not been investigated
or tested in any evidence-based manner that would pass rigorous peer review. In the light of
this, and based on over ten years experience in the economics of online publishing and our long-standing
collaboration with researchers and librarians, we have decided to publish a declaration of principles
which we believe to be self-evident.
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The mission of publishers is to maximise the dissemination of knowledge through
economically self-sustaining business models. We are committed to change and
innovation that will make science more effective. We support academic freedom: authors
should be free to choose where they publish in a healthy, undistorted free market
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Publishers organise, manage and financially support the peer review processes of
STM journals. The imprimatur that peer-reviewed journals give to accepted articles
(registration, certification, dissemination and editorial improvement) is irreplaceable and
fundamental to scholarship
- Publishers launch, sustain, promote and develop journals for the benefit of the
scholarly community
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Current publisher licensing models are delivering massive rises in scholarly access to research outputs.
Publishers have invested heavily to meet the challenges of
digitisation and the annual 3% volume growth of the international scholarly literature,
yet less than 1% of total R&D is spent on journals
- Copyright protects the investment of both authors and publishers. Respect for
copyright encourages the flow of information and rewards creators and entrepreneurs
- Publishers support the creation of rights-protected archives that preserve scholarship in perpetuity
- Raw research data should be made freely available to all researchers. Publishers
encourage the public posting of the raw data outputs of research. Sets or sub-sets of data
that are submitted with a paper to a journal should wherever possible be made freely
accessible to other scholars
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Publishing in all media has associated costs. Electronic publishing has costs not found
in print publishing. The costs to deliver both are higher than print or electronic only.
Publishing costs are the same whether funded by supply-side or demand-side models. If
readers or their agents (libraries) don't fund publishing, then someone else (e.g.
funding bodies, government) must
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Open deposit of accepted manuscripts risks destabilising subscription revenues
and undermining peer review. Articles have economic value for a considerable time after
publication which embargo periods must reflect.At 12 months, on average, electronic
articles still have 40-50% of their lifetime downloads to come. Free availability of
significant proportions of a journal's content may result in its cancellation and
therefore destroy the peer review system upon which researchers and society depend
- "One size fits all" solutions will not work. Download profiles of individual journals vary
significantly across subject areas, and from journal to journal
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